High Pressure High Temperature - Oil And Gas Industry

The definition of High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) is:

- High-pressure wells have a pressure greater than 15,000 psi (103 Mpa)

- High-temperature wells have a temperature above 177 degrees Celsius

Some of the conditions that occur when HPHT Operation is performed:

- Because the Bottom Hole is located close to the Geothermal Hotspot, the temperature under the Hole quickly increases

- Steam injection used to help produce heavy oil can greatly increase the bottom hole temperature

- Deepwater wells can have high pressure & temperature due to the Geothermal Gradient

- Wells drilled with oil-based mud systems tend to have higher downhole temperatures

Various things that should be done so that HPHT Operation can be carried out safely:

- Drillers must predict pore pressures before drilling into the formation

- Engineers have to calculate pressure using Hydrostatic Gradient-based on the weight of seawater

- To reduce the effect of high pressure, Engineers focus on metallurgy & sealing

- For Well Operation to be carried out safely, Engineers must use proper equipment

- To ensure that the equipment used is the right one, Operators must first know the maximum pressure potential

- To ensure that operation can be carried out safely, the equipment must be functionally tested before use

- To prevent formation fluids from entering the wellbore during drilling, Engineers use weighted drilling fluids

- Drilling fluid can be cooled before being circulated down the hole to protect sensitive BHA components

- Hydrostatic pressures higher than those predicted by the Normal Pressure Gradient are often required to overcome reservoir pore pressures

Some of the emergencies that usually occur when the HPHT Operation is performed:

- Lost time

- Broken equipment

- Injured personnel

The personnel who work in HPHT need the right knowledge & skills, special equipment & regular training.

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/HPHT-High-Pressure-High-Temperature-Drilling-Operations/

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Health And Safety Program

If the companies can provide protection, safety & a positive & safe atmosphere, then their employees will provide the best service, quality & productivity & their employees will work correctly & comfortably. Therefore, the companies are advised to increase the “Humanity” in their business by investing in the safety, security & comfort of their employees. The main thing that must be done by the companies is to implement a Health & Safety Program, especially if the employees are doing high-risk work & can get injured & die.

With the right Health & Safety Program, the companies can:

- Identify & control workplace hazards

- Provide security & safety to its employees

- Improve the health & safety of its employees

- Protect the employees from various hazards & accidents by having proper procedures & equipment

- Avoid & reduce risk

- Limit the financial losses due to injury & illness

- Promote a positive Health & Safety Culture

- Provide guidance to properly conduct Health & Safety Processes (workplace inspections, investigations, safe work procedures, management meetings for Health & Safety, Health & Safety Committee requirements & more)

- Provide the Security Programs, Lockout Programs, Fall Protection Programs, Confined Space Programs & more

The courses related to the Health & Safety Program must be conducted regularly so that the companies can conduct their business properly.

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/HSE-Leadership/

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Confined Space Rescue Team

When the work is done in a Confined Space, the company must assign a Rescue Team to be outside the Confined Space, entrances & exits so that they can rescue the workers inside the Confined Space when an emergency occurs.

Three types of Rescue Actions that can be done when an emergency occurs in the Confined Space:

- Actions to self-rescue from Confined Space are carried out when the workers can recognize danger & can get out of Confined Space without assistance. The act of self-rescue has many advantages as the Rescue Team does not need to enter the Confined Space & other risks will not occur. The workers who manage to save themselves & are still conscious will be able to recover quickly too & avoid serious exposure & injury.

- Actions to save the workers from Confined Space by retrieving them are carried out when the workers are unconscious. When this is done, the Rescue Team must ensure that the equipment to retrieve the workers can be used safely. One thing to consider when using equipment to retrieve the workers from Confined Spaces is that the presence of obstacles & twists can complicate the rescue process.

- Actions to save the workers by sending the Rescue Team to the Confined Space are taken when a major emergency occurs. This may also pose a risk to the Rescue Team. It must be ensured that the workers & the Rescue Team are using proper equipment (PPE, SCBA, harness, ropes & others). The communication must always be carried out by the Rescue Team who will enter the Confined Space, the personnel outside the Confined Space & the workers inside the Confined Space if they are still conscious.

For the action to rescue the workers in the Confined Spaces to be carried out safely, the Rescue Team must take the proper training, follow prescribed emergency & evacuation procedures & use appropriate rescue equipment. The rescue exercises in the Confined Spaces must also be carried out regularly.

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Confined-Space-Safety-Entry-Rescue/

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Emergency In Confined Space

Emergencies occurring in Confined Spaces are one of the leading causes of death in the workplace. Those who died were not only the people working in the Confined Space but also other people who tried to save them, Supervisors, Senior Personnel & others.

Some things to do to prevent accidents from happening in Confined Spaces:

- Conduct a risk assessment before the work starts

- Implement safe work procedures & emergency response plans

- Hazards that may occur must always be recognized by workers, Rescue Teams & others who will enter the Confined Space

- Atmosphere should always be tested before the workers enter

- Conduct the strict supervision

- Contractors & sub-contractors must always be controlled

- Proper PPE & equipment for entry & exit must always be provided

- Communication must always be done by those who are inside & outside the Confined Space

- Officers who are outside the Confined Space must always give a warning if something goes wrong

- Company must have a Rescue Team working in the company so that this team can always be on standby to carry out rescue actions, even before the work starts

- First Aid Kit must always be available

- The workers & members of the Rescue Team must always take the proper training

Best things for the workers & Rescue Teams in Confined Spaces to do:

- Adhere to specified equipment & personnel requirements

- Perform the tasks safely & accurately

- Avoid heightened emotional stress by having the ability to think clearly & control all emotions

- Avoid taking “shortcuts” when doing the work & saving others

- Have a Permit To Work before doing the work

- Have the right number of Rescue Teams at all times, so that emergencies can be handled safely & efficiently

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Confined-Space-Safety-Entrant-Attendant/

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Emergency In Helideck

Some common emergencies in Helideck:

- Helicopter crashed into Helideck

- Fire broke out in Helicopter & Helideck

- Helicopter fuel spilled into the Helideck

Fires in Helideck usually occur when:

- Fuel filled into the Helicopter

- Helicopter failed to land & fly

- Helicopter crashed into Helideck

- Helicopter crashed into various items in the Helideck

A few things to do to deal with an emergency occurring at the Offshore Helideck:

- Alarm must be sounded

- Information on emergencies should be provided by Radio Room, Central Control Room & Incident Room

- Actions to extinguish fires must be carried out immediately by directing the Helideck Fire Team & Rescue Team to use appropriate PPE & Fire Extinguishers

- Actions to protect staff, employees & personnel from emergencies must be taken immediately

- Helicopters that have caught fire must be rescued immediately

- The personnel who are in the Helicopter & Helideck must be evacuated immediately

- If the evacuation is carried out by another Helicopter, the other Helicopter must know about the number of passengers to be evacuated

- If any fuel is spilled into the Helideck, the personnel must clean the spilled fuel using a hose & water

- Information about fuel spilled into the Helideck must be communicated to all Helicopters that will land on the Helideck

- All items on the Helideck must be moved to safe positions

- If the Helicopter assisting in dealing with an emergency is about to take off, the Radio Room must provide this information to other Helicopters that will land to avoid a collision

- Another most important thing is: Whatever emergency occurs, all Pilots on the Helicopters must have the ability to decide whether the flight & landing will continue or not

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Offshore-Emergency-Helideck-Team-Member-or-Helideck-Fire-Fighting/

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