High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT)

High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT) is the term used to define:

- Wells that have high pressure or high temperature

- Wells that have a pressure greater than 15,000 psi (103MPa)

- Wells whose temperature is greater than 350 degrees F (177 degrees C)

- High pressure wells that require well control equipment to have a rated working pressure of more than 15,000 psi

- A well in which the fluid flows at a temperature greater than 350 degrees F at the surface

In reality, very few wells operate under HPHT simultaneously. Most wells operate at high pressure or high temperature but are still referred to as HPHT Wells.

Some shallow wells can be found operating under high temperature conditions due to:

- Wells drilled close to local geothermal hotspots will operate at abnormally high temperatures

- Wells drilled close to other wells that use steam injection to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil will have a higher reservoir temperature than normal because the injected steam will raise the temperature of the surrounding formations

To avoid poor performance & failure in the HPHT environment:

- The metal used is carefully selected

- Equipment must be pressure tested to ensure the seal can withstand high pressure to prevent leakage

- Fluid density should always be checked

- A cooling system must be installed before pumping the drilling fluid back into the hole

- Water-based sludge must always be adapted to the HPHT environment

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/HPHT-High-Pressure-High-Temperature-Drilling-Operations/

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Travel By Boat

Some tips so that you can enjoy your trip by Boat safely.

Before you travel by Boat:

- Don't forget to think about your Security & Safety

- Plan the trip well before you leave so that risks & dangers can be avoided, including by telling someone about the trip

- Get information about safe & dangerous areas to visit

- Get information about weather conditions, currents & waves in the sea

When you travel by Boat:

- Bring necessary equipment (PPE, life jacket, cell phone, waterproof bag, lamp & more)

- Obey the regulations that apply to Boats at sea

- Wear a life jacket at all times

- Bring enough items so that the boat is not filled with items that can endanger the safety

- Save people who fall into the sea by bringing them back to the Boat as quickly as possible

- Avoid Hypothermia by keeping yourself from cold temperatures & cold water that sticks to clothes, body & others

- Wear dry clothes

- Check the water level before swimming & diving

- Know the limits for swimming & diving

- Don't swim in the sea alone

- Return the one who swims alone in the sea to the Boat

When an emergency occurs at sea:

- Contact those who can help & save you

- Try not to try to swim to the areas that you don't know

- Stay on the Boat & near the Boat while waiting for help

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Travel-Safely-By-Boat/

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Incident Controller

“Fact: All employers should always be aware of any emergency – Fire, Gas Leak & others – will always happen in the workplace”.

The fact above is a guideline for companies to always have a Special Team that performs certain roles (Security & Safety Team, Fire Team & others). All these teams should be managed by Incident Controllers.

The Incident Controllers are responsible for:

- Creating an Emergency Response Plan & define strategies to control incidents

- Monitoring the safety of all employees

- Collaborating with individuals & teams according to the tasks to be done

- Delegating authority to act

- Responding to & managing hazards & risks

- Monitoring, identifying, handling & controlling incidents & emergencies by coordinating with the entire team that can assist (Firefighter Team, Security & Safety Team & others)

- Looking for additional information about the incident that occurred

- Communicating with all personnel & providing information through the Command Center

- Using Radio to call other teams who will help deal with incidents

- Investigating & stopping the cause of the incident

- Reviewing, evaluating & revising the plans & actions that have been taken

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Incident-Management-Team-Incident-Controller-TEEX

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Health, Safety & Environment (HSE)

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) is implemented in all companies so that:

- Work can be done smoothly, safely & comfortably

- Companies can maintain the health of their employees

- Environment remains sustainable & environmental damage can be avoided

* Health is the top priority when working. Whatever the form of work, the health of the employees must be maintained & supervised so that productivity & operations at the companies can continue & are not damaged. Companies must take care that their employees do not experience disturbances & diseases. If the employee is sick, the company suffers a loss because the employee cannot do the job.

* The Principle of Safety in the company is the most important thing so that all employees who work can be safe & continue to do their jobs. By applying the Safety Principles, employees do not experience work accidents & can avoid injury & death.

* All work carried out must not have a negative impact on the environment & must not be the axis of a cause that causes the environment to be damaged. The company & its employees must know the environment & its impacts so that the work can run without damaging the environment.

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/HSE-Leadership/

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Drilling Technology

Advances in Technology used in Oil & Gas Industry play the most important role to provide the best benefit to this industry. The latest technology in the Oil & Gas world will provide the ability to:

- Find new resources

- Get into difficult & remote locations

- Develop Reservoir that is previously uneconomical to produce

Knowledge of Technology in the Drilling Process is needed so that the Drilling Process can be carried out by Drillers in collaboration with Non-Drilling personnel. Some useful knowledge for both parties:

- Wells can be disrupted due to changes in hole conditions & pressure in the hole

- Drilling fluid is used as the main tool to control the wellbore pressure

- Precise Geometric & Geological Wellbore placement can provide benefits for field productivity

- Unproductive time can disrupt the Drilling Process

- The Drilling Process must be carried out properly so that the balance between the company, the environment & society can be created properly

- Risks that can occur in the Drilling Process must be handled so that the performance of personnel & Processes for Safety, Security, Health & Environment can be run & maintained properly & perfectly

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Essentials-of-Drilling-Technology-and-Equipment/

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Rescue In Confined Space

“First Fact: The Rescue Process in Confined Space can result in more deaths when 1 rescuer & 1 victim quickly becomes 2 victims if the Rescue Program is carried out inappropriately”.

For workers to work safely in Confined Spaces, the company must make regulations regarding:

- Confine Space Program

- Monitor Program

- Hazard Control Program

- Rescue Program

- Permit To Work

- Entry & Exit Program

“Second Fact: Those who suffer the most deaths in Confined Spaces are the Rescuers who don't get proper training & don't use PPE.”

A few things the Confined Space Rescue Team should do:

- Get proper training

- Obtain other appropriate training (Fall Protection, High Angle Rescue, Special Equipment & more)

- Have a good health condition, including the health of the eyes, ears, nose, lungs & muscles

- Know all details about Confined Space (shape, size & more)

- Know about hazards (toxic substances, gases, air & others)

- Be outside & maybe inside a Confined Space during work done

- Provide & use the necessary equipment

- Have the ability to perform P3K, CPR & more

- Communicate to track all workers

- Take appropriate action when an emergency occurs

- Move victims (using ladders, ropes, tripods, stretchers & more)

- Collaborate with other personnel as a team

"Third Fact: Rescue Programs in Confined Spaces must be carried out properly so that the number of risks, dangers & victims does not increase".

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Confined-Space-Safety-Entry-Rescue/

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Confined Space

“It must be remembered that conditions in Confined Spaces are always very dangerous & life-threatening”.

Facts about Confined Space:

- Many workers & rescuers were injured & killed while working in Confined Space

- Confined Space contains toxic gases & hazardous substances so First Aid, rescue, evacuation & emergency response activities are very difficult to do

- The air quality is very poor & the amount of oxygen is not sufficient

- Fires & explosions always happen

- There are always disturbances in the form of smoke, noise, flooding, slippery, heat/cold, radiation, short circuit & darkness

- Safety equipment is often unusable

- Communication often can’t be done by workers, officers & Emergency Response Team

Some things to do in Confined Space:

- Hazards, especially in the form of toxic gases & flammable atmospheres, must be identified & evaluated

- Air & oxygen quality must be tested

- Permit to Work & PPE must always be owned & used by workers

- Fires & explosions must be prevented & avoided

- All hazardous energy sources (electric, mechanical, hydraulic, thermal & others) must be removed, controlled & isolated

- The size of the entrance & exit must be large enough for the Rescue Team to enter using the proper PPE

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Confined-Space-Safety-Entrant-Attendant/

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Rescue Craft

Rescue Craft is the most important part of the Safety Mission, Search & Rescue Operations at sea which can assist to rescue people affected by incidents. Rescue Craft is used to prioritize actions & provide medical assistance.

The reasons why the Rescue Craft is used:

- It is efficient & lightweight

- It can be launched from the beach regardless of the weather

- It can carry all the necessary equipment to help everyone

- The equipment can be released easily

- It can be deployed faster than ordinary lifeboats

- It can save people without wasting precious time

- It can accommodate more people & equipment

By applicable Safety Regulations, some of these Life Safety Equipments must be placed in the Rescue Craft so the Rescue Process can be carried out properly:

- Paddle (made of wood)

- Knife

- Ax

- Hook

- Compass

- Lamp

- Electric torch

- Signal

- First Aid Kit

- Portable Fire Extinguisher

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/FRC-Coxswain/

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Hypothermia

Hypothermia is an emergency & dangerous condition that occurs when humans are exposed to cold & very cold temperatures. Hypothermia can also occur when humans feel cold due to rain, sweat & submerged in cold water.

Some other things that cause Hypothermia:

- Wet clothes

- Insufficient heating

- The room is too cold

- Being outdoors for a long time

When exposed to cold temperatures, the human body begins to lose heat more quickly, then the body temperature becomes lower & eventually the energy in the body will be exhausted & lost.

Consequences of too low body temperature & loss of energy:

- Disorders of the brain, so they become confused, can't think & lose their memory

- Disturbances in the body & muscles, so they can't move, can't talk & feel very tired

- Disorders of the skin that causes shaking & the skin becomes red

Some things that can be done to treat Hypothermia:

- Take the victim to a dry & warm place

- Use warm & dry clothes & blankets to warm the chest, neck & head

- CPR

- Medical treatment

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/T-FOET/

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Sea Survival

Humans are tropical creatures & to survive outside a tropical environment, humans must use clothing & shelter to prevent body cooling.

Incidents can occur at sea because the victims:

- Can't swim & then drown in the sea

- Exposed to cold weather & water

- Not using PPE & rescue equipment (life jackets, wetsuits, life rafts & more)

Things to remember:

- Cold air & water will irritate the skin, muscles, breathing, nerves & heart (usually called cold shock)

- Breathing that is not done properly & uncontrolled will disrupt blood flow, nervous system & heart

- Disorders of the heart when at sea can lead to stroke & heart attack

- Inability to control breathing resulting in drowning

- Various disturbances in the body will interfere with swimming performance & other actions that are important for survival

- Disturbed body temperature (Hypothermia) can cause death

- Hypothermia can cause confusion, disorientation, amnesia, cardiac arrhythmias, loss of consciousness & death

Simple tips:

- If you don't need to be in the sea, try to keep your body dry & warm

- If you need to jump to the sea, enter the sea slowly

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Basic-Sea-Survival-TEEX/

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Advanced Fire Fighting

Fires & explosions occurring in all companies & industries cause death, injury & property damage. The fires & explosions occur for many reasons:

- Employees are not aware of the dangers & risks

- Combustible items (dust, wood, chemicals, metals & more)

- Hot work (welding, brazing, baking, heating, soldering & more)

- Flammable gases & liquids (oil & others)

- Equipment, machinery & heavy equipment

- Damage to various items & facilities

- Electricity (power lines, cables, overloaded outlets, extension cords, overloaded circuits, static discharge & more)

Tips for preventing fires & explosions:

- All employees must know the dangers & risks

- All workers must have Permit To Work

- Every job must be supervised

- All dangerous items must be stored & secured in a separate place

- All fire sources must be controlled & separated from the workplace & employees

- Provide & use PPE

- Cleaning & maintenance must always be done

- Separate unused equipment from the mains

- Don’t use an extension cord

- All parts of the company must always be checked & maintained

- Report all things that happen in the company

- Establish fire prevention & emergency procedures

- All employees must take safety & fire courses

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Advanced-Firefighting-TEEX/

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Fire Warden

Fires that occur in buildings do pose a serious risk to businesses & companies:

- Dead

- Injury

- Property & equipment damage

Therefore, the activities carried out by the Fire Warden every day to prevent fires are the most important things needed by all companies. Business owners are indeed required to have personnel responsible for preventing & dealing with fires & ensuring safety in the workplace. Under applicable regulations, business owners can be sued if fire safety standards are not met.

The Fire Warden has the responsibility to:

- Check the fire alarm

- Check emergency exits & fire doors

- Provide & maintain fire extinguishers

- Ensure that emergency lighting is working

- Provide fire safety signs

- Store & secure various flammable items in the right place

- Provide information about fire & emergency to all employees

- Monitor the area & record everything that happens

When a fire occurs, the Fire Warden will:

- Get everyone out of the building safely

- Close all fire doors to stop the fire from spreading

- Carry out evacuation

- Ensure that everyone has left the building

- Use fire fighting equipment to extinguish fires

Giving the proper training to the Fire Warden is a key factor to prevent fires in the workplace.

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Fire-Warden/

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Confined Space Rescue

Situations that usually occur in Confined Spaces:

- After four minutes without oxygen, workers in Confined Space will suffer from Asphyxia resulting in brain damage & death

- Most of the deaths that occur in Confined Spaces are attributed to personnel trying to save others

Confined Space can be dangerous & fatal to humans.

Confined Space Rescue is carried out to rescue & recover victims trapped in Confined Spaces or places accessible only via Confined Spaces (basements, storage silos, storage tanks, sewers & more).

Confined Space rescue categories:

- Self-rescue: Workers who are in Confined Space can get out & save themselves, usually because they had detected the danger or because a Monitor gave the order to leave the room

- Non-Entry Rescue: This action frees workers in Confined Spaces by using ropes, Tripods & other rescue equipment to pull them to safe areas

- Entry Rescue: This action is conducted by the Rescue Team who enters the Confined Space. This team must do the rescue carefully so they can save others & themselves

Commonly used Rescue Equipment:

- PPE (SCBA, head protection & more)

- Lamp

- Seatbelt

- Safety/rescue rope

- Air monitoring device

- Communication tool

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Confined-Space-Entry-Rescue/

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Emergency Manager

Personnel who are responsible as Emergency Managers, acting as Emergency Coordinators & members, or providing support to the Emergency Management Team should know of:

- Ways to manage various emergencies

- Ways to lead themselves & manage others in emergencies

- Command, Control & Communication related to Emergency Management

- Ways to prepare, respond & maintain control during the development or escalation of an emergency

- Ways to manage communication & information regarding emergencies

- Ways to carry out a predetermined plan when the emergency alarm is sounded

- Ways to give certainty that the emergency has ended

- Ways to understand how stress can affect individual & team performance during an emergency

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Major-Emergency-Management/

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Safety And Survival At Sea

Surviving in the middle of the sea is the hardest thing because humans cannot breathe underwater & accidents can always happen when we are in the sea.

Two types of accidents usually occur at sea:

- Accidents that can be handled immediately: The personnel can immediately evacuate using the available safety equipment (Lifeboat, Life Raft & others)

- Uncontrolled accident: The personnel are forced to jump into the sea

The right way to save yourself from an accident at sea:

- Use a Life Jacket

- Transfer yourself to the available Lifeboats & Life Rafts

- If you have to jump into the sea, try to place your feet first to the surface of the water

- If you are alone at the sea, hug your body by touching your armpits & closing your legs so that your body can stay warm

- If there are several people at the sea, then this group of people must help each other by forming a circle & hugging others so that the body can stay warm & the injured victim can be placed in the middle of the circle

- Group swimming can also be done by placing people in a row & pinching the legs of the person in front

- If there's no Life Raft, you have to look for floating objects that can hold your body from sinking (wood & more)

- Use Smoke Signals (during the day), Fire Signals (at night) & Mirror Signals to inform Rescue Teams, Ships, Planes, Helicopters & more

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Basic-Sea-Survival/

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Fire Fighting

Fires usually occur in homes & offices & always cause injury, loss of life, damage to buildings & more. Therefore, our ability to save ourselves from fire is very important.

So that we can prevent & deal with fires, we must always ensure safety & protection by having Fire Extinguishing Equipment. Proper Fire Fighting Equipment ensures the safety of everyone, including Firefighters who risk their lives to save others.

Some Fire Extinguishing Equipment that we must have:

- Fire Extinguisher: Every place must have sufficient Fire Extinguisher (water, hose & others)

- Fire Alarm: Fire Alarm will help to direct everyone to a safe place from the fire

- Fire Blanket: This tool is very helpful to prevent the spread of fire, cover the fire, cut off oxygen supply & reduce/extinguish fires

Apart from that, some other things to do when a fire occurs:

- Extinguish fire properly

- Conduct investigations to determine the cause of the fire (dangerous goods, chemicals, gases & others)

- Medical treatment

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Basic-Fire-Fighting/

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Attendant in Confined Space

The Confined Space that is owned by all companies in all industries is a room that must always be monitored because an emergency can always occur in this room. One of the parties overseeing the Confined Space is the Attendant. Some things that must be done by the Attendants in Confined Spaces:

- Assess the condition of the Confined Space to determine if it is safe for workers to enter the Confined Space

- Ensure that workers who will work in Confined Space have Permit To Work

- Warn people & workers who do not have Permit To Work that they must stay away & should not enter into Confined Space

- Report to the right party if someone enters the Confined Space without permission

- Protect workers who work in Confined Space

- Detect the hazards encountered when entering a Confined Space (signs, symptoms & consequences of exposure)

- Always on standby outside the Confined Space & only enter the Confined Space when an emergency occurs

- Call the Rescue Team when an emergency occurs

- Assist the Rescue Team – when needed – to rescue workers when an emergency occurs

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Confined-Space-Entry/

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