Floor Warden

The Floor Wardens are tasked with supervising & controlling Emergency Procedures on the floors & building zones where they work. They also have the authority to evacuate in case of an emergency. They should be available on every floor.

The Floor Wardens must know of:

- Fire Alarm System

- Emergency Alert System

- Equipment to use when an emergency occurs

- Floors & where they work

- All roads to enter & exit

- All rooms

- Restricted areas

- Hazardous materials located on the floor & where they work

- All doors, including doors that can be passed when a fire occurs

- Fire Fighting Equipment (portable, hose & more)

- Number of workers & employees on site

If an emergency occurs, the Floor Wardens have to:

- Carry out evacuation

- Communicate with appropriate parties or management

- Ensure that all instructions are carried out

- Check the floor

- Report the actions taken to the appropriate parties

- Extinguish fires by using the right fire extinguishers

- Ensure that everyone is evacuated & rescued

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Fire-Warden/

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Emergency In Oil And Gas Industry

Some of the consequences of the emergency that occurred in the Oil & Gas Industry:

- There is damage to the lungs, skin & other organs when workers are exposed to toxic chemicals

- There is interference in the ear when there is harmful noise

- Injuries & deaths occur when the workers work in Confined Spaces but don't have the proper skills

The best ways to prevent injury & death in the Oil & Gas Industry:

- Always monitor & supervise H2S Gas – a dangerous & flammable toxic gas

- Create Work Safety Procedures

- Plan appropriate actions to deal with emergencies, especially those that occur in Confined Spaces & contaminated environments

- Various equipment, including Pipes & Tanks, must always be cleaned & maintained

- Appropriate PPE, including Respiratory Protection, Hearing Protection & Fall Protection Equipment, should always be used

- The clothes used are not made of a flammable type

- No smoking in all areas

- Identify risks

- Control risk

- Prevents damage to the surrounding environment

- Maintain the health & safety of employees & the surrounding community

- The workers should always have proper training

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/IMIST/

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Emergency In Confined Space

Working in Confined Spaces in all industries can kill or cause injury. The victims are not only the people who work in Confined Spaces but also those who try to save the victims but do not have adequate capabilities.

Emergencies (fire & explosion) can occur in Confined Spaces due to the presence of:

- Various flammable objects

- Excess oxygen

- Lack of oxygen

- Dust

- Poison gas

- Dangerous liquid

- Leaks that occur in the pipe

- Damage to the machine

Various things that must be done to prevent an emergency in a Confined Space:

- Workers working in Confined Spaces must know safe working practices

- Procedures for dealing with emergencies in Confined Spaces must be established before the work begins

- The size of the entrance & exit must be right

- Air must always be tested

- Appropriate PPE & equipment must always be provided

- Safety certificate must be provided before starting the work

- Communication must always be carried out by the workers in Confined Spaces & the rescue personnel

- Qualified First Aid must always be available

The workers who can work in the Confined Spaces must have taken regular training, have sufficient experience in the type of work to be carried out & in a healthy condition.

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Confined-Space-Entry/

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Drone

One of the uses of Drone which has extraordinary Artificial Intelligence & can fly low can be seen in the Agricultural Industry:

- Various Agriculture Companies have used Drone to detect health in plants

- Agricultural Experts can analyze crops through various things recorded by Drone

- Farmers can analyze harvest time & yield & determine the treatment that must be done

In the Business World, many companies are already using Drone to:

- View the progress that has been achieved

- Provide hints on some areas that need to be treated & repaired

- Show various emergencies that have occurred (noise, smell, gas & more)

- Map the workplace & its environment

- Oversee assets & facilities

- Provide information about various things that have been done by other companies/competitors

- Do things that humans can't do, especially when storms & natural disasters occur

- Manage resources

- Save money & time

Smart Drone is “the Eyes in the Sky, the Muscle in the Air & the Brain that can Fly” :-)

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Basic-Introduction-To-Drones-Flight-Training-And-Best-Practice/

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First Aid

All incidents, accidents & emergencies can cause our heart to stop beating. What happens when the heart stops?

- Blood flow will stop

- Brain damage will occur

- The victim will die

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) will be able to save the victim if it is done within 4 minutes after the heart stops. CPR provides oxygenated blood flow to the brain & heart & keeps these organs alive.

Some things to do when performing CPR:

- Communicating with the victim: If the victim can answer your question, then CPR is not necessary

- If the victim does not answer, then CPR must be done immediately

- Placing two fingertips on the carotid artery which is located in the groove between the throat & neck muscles & applying slight pressure for a few seconds

- Then press the victim's chest down using your 2 hands to a depth of 2 inches (2 hands, 2 inches)

- The chest is pressed 30 times at a rate of 3 pressures every 2 seconds or 100 pressures per minute

- Then tilting the head back by pressing the victim's forehead down & lifting the chin up to open the way for breathing

- Listening to the breathing: Has the victim started to breathe?

- If the victim is still not breathing normally, give mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose breaths: Pinching the nose & covering the mouth with your mouth & blow the mouth until the chest rises

- If there is still no response, then you must immediately contact the nearest Hospital & Medical Officer

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Basic-First-Aid/

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Fire

When a fire occurs, some things to watch out for are:

- Smoke that carries heat & toxic gases & blurs vision

- Reduced Oxygen

- Temperature becomes high/hot

- Presence of harmful toxins (toxic dust, radiation & others)

Not all fires can be extinguished with water because:

- Boiling water will make the fire bigger

- Some chemical products react with water & produce a toxic gas which will cause & enlarge fire

- Fires that occur in hydrocarbons, gasoline, oil, alcohol & others occur on the water

- Fires in some facilities, such as tanks, will enlarge when extinguished with water because water sprayed into the tank will damage the tank & exacerbate the fire

- Fires in electricity cannot be extinguished with water because water can act as a conductor

If you cannot use water to extinguish a fire:

- Foam will be used as a big fire extinguisher

- Fire Blanket will be used as a small fire extinguisher

Effective advice for homeowners: Have & keep some Fire Blankets at home. Fire Blankets can be used to extinguish fires by placing a fire blanket over burning objects, such as Pans & Small Stoves. When the Pans & Small Stoves are covered with the Fire Blankets, the oxygen flow to the fire can be removed & the fire will be extinguished.

Best advice for building & closed location owners: Have Ventilation that can isolate fire & draw fire from trapped objects. The Ventilation can channel fire to nearby openings & push smoke & heat out of the building, so Firefighters can extinguish fires safely & limit damage from smoke, heat & water.

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Advanced-Fire-Fighting/

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Accident Reporting And Investigation

Things to do when an accident occurs in the workplace:

- Closing & securing the accident site/location by limiting access to the scene to avoid secondary accidents

- Equipment & materials involved in the accident must be secured

- First Aid must be carried out immediately by appointed & trained staff

- Actions to save the victims must be taken immediately, including by bringing in Medical Officers & providing proper Medical Treatment

- Site Supervisors & Rescue Teams who carry out rescue actions must coordinate & communicate with the management

- The company must deal with the stress & emotional disturbance that occurs to the victims

- The company must investigate the accident

- The company must make Accident Report

- The company must report accidents that occur to the right party

- The company must also carry out a “Back to Work Program” in which the company seeks to ensure that employees who are the victims can return to work so that they do not experience further stress & trauma

When the investigation process is carried out, several things must be done are:

- Reviewing the causes of the accidents

- Assessing the injuries that occurred to the victims

- Collecting evidence

- Interviewing witnesses

- Taking photos

- Making reports on accidents, victims, injuries, losses & more

- The company must ensure that the report is accurate & honest

Important Note:

- Accident Reports can be used as the basis of a Plan/Program to Handle Injury & Accidents

- If the company does not make an Accident Report, then the loss will occur because the company has to pay fines besides paying insurance costs, medical treatment costs & wage replacement costs

All of the above can save the company & its employees from other accidents.

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Accident-Reporting-Investigation/

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Well Intervention

All wells & their spare parts in the Oil & Gas Industry will require maintenance, repair & replacement. It is at this time that the Well Intervention will begin.

Well Intervention falls into two categories:

- Light Intervention: Technician lowers tool/sensor into the live well when pressure is retained at the surface. Well Service Officers perform the Light Interventions using Slickline, Wireline, or Coiled Pipe. This system allows the Operator to avoid blockages in the well. The Light Intervention also modifies/adapts Downhole Equipment (valves & pumps) & to collect data on downhole pressure, temperature & flow.

- Heavy Intervention: Rig Crew can stop production in formation before making major equipment changes. The Heavy Intervention requires Rig Crew to remove the wellhead & other pressure barriers from the well for full access to the wellbore. This operation requires a Rig to remove & reinstall the wellhead & finishing equipment. The Heavy Intervention is carried out to replace spare parts (pipeline & pump) & to close & leave the original production zone to reconfigure the well to produce from the secondary zone.

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/IWCF/

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Helicopter Landing Officer

Helicopters must always be able to land at Offshore facilities safely. The person who can ensure the Helicopter landing process is carried out safely & accurately is the Helideck Landing Officer (HLO). The HLOs must have the ability to:

- Act by the Emergency Procedure Manual that has been determined by the company operating at the Offshore Installation

- Perform Safety Procedures on Helideck

- Handle the safety of everyone on the Helideck

- Know Helicopter Operation

- Ensure the passengers can get on & off the Helicopter correctly

- Check & provide equipment & facilities needed by Helicopters, Pilots & passengers

- Control process for handling Cargo

- Control the proper refueling process on the Helicopter with the Pilot & Captain

- Always on standby to handle any emergency

- Manage & maintain the Helideck during normal & emergencies

- Control the Flight & Landing Process

- Ensure that the Helicopter can fly from & land on the Helideck safely by providing proper guidance, one of which is by giving the signals using their hands

- Handle dangerous items

- Handle fires on Helicopters & Helideck

While working, the HLOs must use:

- Vest with HLO letters printed on the back & front which must be visible to Pilots & other personnel

- Helmet that will protect the head from emergencies, especially from the propellers on the Helicopter

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Helicopter-Landing-Officer-HLO/

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Helideck

Traveling by Helicopter is one of the most dangerous parts experienced by Offshore workers, especially when landing on Helideck.

Fire & explosion may occur at the Helideck which is located Offshore when the emergencies occur:

- Helicopter lands in a less than perfect take-off area

- Helicopter crashes into other Helicopters, items & more on the Helideck

- Helicopter crashed into the Helideck when the Pilot fails to fly the Helicopter

- Engine on the Helicopter is damaged

- Presence of gas & wind that interferes with the Helicopter & Pilot

- Helicopter is old & no longer fit to operate

A few things to do to reduce the emergencies occurring at Helideck:

- Using Helicopter & Helideck Monitoring Equipment, one of which is to monitor vibration & noise

- Using the new Helicopter with the more reliable design, control & operating system

- Using the Helicopter that is still feasible to operate & has a lower noise & vibration level

- Improving communication between Pilots & personnel at the Helideck

- Maintaining Helideck & various other things (Helicopters, items & more) properly

- Monitoring & maintaining the health of Pilots, Co-Pilots, personnel in Helideck & others

- Providing proper education & training to Pilots, Co-Pilots, personnel at Helideck & others

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Helideck-Assistant/

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Hydrogen Sulfide Or H2S

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is a colorless gas that has a pungent odor, is highly toxic & flammable. This heavier-than-air & dangerous gas can attack all workers, including Rescue Workers & result in explosions & fires.

H2S is produced in several industries:

- Oil & Gas Refining

- Mining

- Tannery

- Pulp & paper processing

- Rayon producer

H2S also occurs naturally in:

- Sewers

- Humid place

- Wells, especially wells in the Oil & Gas Industry

- Confined Space

- Volcano

Health problems that can occur when the workers breathe H2S:

- Headache

- Eye irritation

- Faint

- Dead

Safety measures to be taken to protect workers from exposure to hazardous H2S:

- Location must always be controlled by implementing Safety Procedures

- Using proper PPE to protect eyes, nose & body

- Monitoring H2S using a Gas Detector

- Always operating & using Ventilation & Exhaust System to reduce & eliminate H2S

- Conducting First Aid at the right time

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Basic-H2S-OPITO/

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Stuck Pipe

The Drilling Operation in the Oil & Gas Industry is one of the riskiest activities in the world. When carrying out the Drilling Process, the stuck pipe is one of the most critical problems because:

- Costs bigger & more expensive than the cost of the well

- The company suffers a loss for the time that has been given & the money that has been spent

- The well is "broken"

Several things happen that indicate that the pipe is stuck:

- The pipe cannot be removed from the hole without damaging the pipe

- The drill string cannot be moved (rotated & pushed up & down) along the axis of the wellbore

- The drill string is embedded in the mud cake that forms on the walls of the permeable zone

The stuck pipe occurs because of:

- Improper hole cleaning

- Poor wellbore & well track stability

- Improper drilling fluid

- Different hole assembly designs

- Pressure in the pores

- Lower mud density

The stuck pipe can be prevented & treated by providing tools that can:

- Predict the onset of congestion in the pipeline

- Solve congestion in pipes

- Improve the Drilling Process

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Stuck-Pipe-Prevention-And-Solutions/

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Well Control

The Definition of “Well Control” – one of the most important aspects of Drilling Operations in the Oil & Gas Industry:

- Managing the harmful effects caused by the unexpected release of formation fluids (natural gas & crude oil) on Oil & Gas Drilling Rig equipment

- Preventing gas & formation fluids (hydrocarbons) from entering the wellbore while drilling the well

- Monitoring the well, especially to watch for signs of formation fluid entering the wellbore during drilling

- Taking appropriate corrective action by stopping the well

“Well Control” on the Drilling Rig must be done when:

- The rig position has been determined

- Drilling process & finishing process carried out

- Other drilling operations carried out

Failure to manage & control wells can lead to:

- Damage to equipment

- Interference with safety

- Explosion

- Fire

- Serious injury

- Loss of life of personnel in the field

- Loss of valuable resources

- Irreparable environmental damage

- Presence of hazardous waste

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/IWCF/

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Incident Management Team And Controller

Some of the common incidents & emergencies that occur in various industries around the world:

- Fire

- Accident

- Threats to employees & company

- Riot

- Demonstration

- Terrorism

- Kidnapping

- Hostage

- Extortion

When the above incidents & emergencies occur, Incident Controller & Incident Management Team will take action to:

- Activate the Command Center (a special room used to handle the incidents & emergencies & has the essential equipment needed)

- Protect staff & employees

- Secure location

- Recover assets

- Ensure continuity of business operations

- Ensure that emergencies are handled properly

- Record all emergencies that occur

- Provide appropriate information to management, clients, media, external agencies, public, regulators & other institutions

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Incident-Management-Team-Incident-Controller-TEEX/

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Workplace Fire Safety

The potential for fire is always present in any workplace. You, your co-workers & the company are responsible for minimizing & preventing fires in the workplace, their damaging risks & impacts by knowing their causes & conditions.

Some tips that can prevent fires in the workplace:

- Cleaning heating & electrical appliances & keeping them in good condition

- Cleaning drains regularly

- Cleaning the oven & stove from spilled grease, sugar, sauces & more

- Keeping paper, aerosols & flammable materials away from heating elements

- Storing flammable liquids away from heat sources, exits & escape routes

- Inspecting, replacing & repairing electrically powered equipment (cables, lights & more)

- Providing Fire Protection Equipment (sprinklers, smoke/heat detectors, alarms, fire hoses, fire extinguishers & more)

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Workplace-Fire-Safety/

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Shut-In Well

In the Oil & Gas Industry, the definition of a shut-in well is:

- Wells whose production is stopped by shutting in the casing heads & pipe or by stopping the pumping. This is done to reduce oil production.

- Limiting the amount of production. This is done to limit the supply of oil & also to prevent an emergency from occurring when the crew is evacuated.

What happens if the well is not shut-in properly? If the shut-in of the well is not done immediately, an explosion will likely occur. Shutting-in procedures are usually carried out on every rig activity (drilling, tripping, logging, tubular running, conducting drill rod tests & so on).

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/IADC/

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Drone

Supported by the right technology, Drone provides the best services & solutions for several industries:

- Oil & Gas Industry uses Drone to provide needed information & to replace humans in Confined Spaces & other hazardous areas

- The Mining Industry uses Drone to explore, conduct surveys, monitor operations, calculate & more

- Construction & Infrastructure Industry uses Drone to survey, map, calculate, design, plan jobs & check progress on work

- Plantation & Forestry Industry uses Drone to audit land management, detect pests, analyze floods, provide airborne information & more

- Urban Planning Industry uses Drone to get data, provide information about regions & more

- The power Generation & Utility Industry uses Drone to identify hazards in transmission lines & pipelines

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Basic-Introduction-To-Drones-Flight-Training-And-Best-Practice/

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Onshore Incident Commander

When managing & dealing with emergencies & incidents, the Incident Commanders should know of:

- Emergency/Incident Management

- Emergencies that are easy to control if managed properly, can escalate if not controlled & cannot be controlled

- Incident Command Structure (ICS)

They must also have the ability to:

- Monitor & manage resources

- Delegate authority

- Manage individuals & teams

- Make Emergency/Incident Plans & Procedures & conduct them when an emergency/incident occurs

- Provide information & instructions efficiently

- Review & manage information about emergencies/incidents that occur

- Provide information to appropriate agencies through the Incident Management Team

- Handle the effects of an emergency/incident that has occurred

- Handle the stress

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Onshore-Incident-Commander-TEEX/

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Plant Manager And Incident Commander

Some emergencies that usually occur in the Plant area:

- Type A: easy to control if managed properly

- Type B: can increase if not controlled

- Type C: uncontrollable & leads to evacuation

A few other things that also usually happen:

- Extreme weather

- Missing facilities

- Disturbed environment

- Loss of personnel

- Incidents that occur on the road

- Sabotage

When an emergency occurs, the personnel responsible for & tasked with assisting the Emergency Management Team must do the following:

- Controlling the emergency by assessing the situation & taking effective action

- Providing information about emergencies that occur to appropriate agencies

- Performing pre-planned actions that start when the emergency alarm is sounded until the emergency has ended

- Managing individuals & teams

- Delegating authority to the team

- Providing evacuation places, gathering places & temporary shelters

- Handling injured, stressed & missing victims & personnel

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Plant-Manager-Incident-Commander/

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Confined Space

Some facts about Confined Space:

- Although Confined Space can be entered by workers who have to do certain jobs in it, Confined Space is not designed for people/humans

- Areas for entering & exiting the Confined Space are very limited, so the Confined Space should not be used as a permanent residence

- Confined Space has hazardous atmospheres, hazardous materials & areas that can trap workers who enter them

- Confined Space is also dangerous due to gas, heatwave & damage to engine & cables

- Confined Space requires Ventilation Hose to provide air & expel toxic fumes

- Confined Space requires Guardrails to protect the workers from possible falls

- Several forms of Confined Space: tank, storage bin, carriage, pit, tunnel, equipment housing, duct, pipelines, etc

- Workers who enter into a Confined Space must have a Permit To Work in a Confined Space

Information: https://www.samson-tiara.co.id/Course/Confined-Space-Safety-Entry-Rescue/

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