24 August 2022

Emergency On Helicopter

An emergency can occur on a Helicopter when:
- Main & tail rotors, engine exhaust, external antenna locations & more on the Helicopter are damaged
- The weather is getting bad
- Helicopter crashes into other Helicopters, planes, mountains & more

When an emergency occurs, the Helicopter will land on the water & can sink & capsize underwater. Therefore, all pilots, crew & passengers must have the ability to:
- Self-protect by using Safety Equipment & PPE, especially life jackets & EBS
- Self-protect by holding the chair & window or exit door
- Escape from the Helicopter which is on the water or sink & capsize underwater by pushing the window or exit door
- Swim to the surface of the water & seek help, including searching for Liferaft
- Survive in the sea

Things to remember:
- PPE, life jacket & EBS must always be used
- First Aid must be given to victims, especially those who are Hypothermic




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Fast Rescue Craft (FRC)

The Fast Rescue Craft (FRC) is used for:
- Rescuing the victims when an emergency occurs at sea
- Helping someone to get on another Ship
- Helping the victims who are in trouble

All equipment carried by the FRC must be properly stored on the boat so as not to interfere with the safety procedures. Some of the equipment to bring are:
- Paddle
- Rope
- Spotlight & flashlight
- Compass
- Anchor
- A tool to give a signal
- Signal whistle
- First Aid Kit in a waterproof case
- Required PPE
- Portable fire-fighting equipment that can extinguish fires, especially in Oil & Gas Installations
- Knife & ax

Apart from bringing the required equipment, the FRC must be driven by a proper Coxswain. The Coxswains must do the following:
- Maintain operational readiness
- Prepare & launch FRC
- Communicate using radio
- Use Compass
- Look for victims
- Rescue victims who drowned at sea (Man Overboard)
- Restore the condition of the victims by doing First Aid




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11 August 2022

Rescue In Confined Space

When working in Confined Spaces, important things to remember:

“Actions to be taken if workers in Confined Space are injured, unable to save themselves & trapped in Confined Space & must be rescued”

Rescue in Confined Space must be carried out immediately if:
- Lack of oxygen occurs
- The workers fell & broke their bones

Steps to take to assist personnel who have to prepare & carry out rescues in Confined Spaces promptly:
- Know the best course of action for rescue in Confined Space
- Conduct rescue training through different scenarios that provide experience to save the lives of others
- Familiarize themselves with situations that can be encountered in Confined Space
- Have faith that rescue training can help prepare teams for work & rescue coworkers in Confined Spaces
- Get used to using the right equipment, especially the Full Body Harness – a place to place lifting equipment that can move & place workers on a stretcher
- Know about the form & content of the Confined Space to be addressed, so that they can use the right equipment (Tripods, anchors, SCBA & others)

The company must always ensure that the proper Rescue Team is always in Confined Space & ready to respond in an emergency as authorities do not always have the manpower & capability to carry out rescues.




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07 August 2022

First Aid And CPR

When an emergency occurs, First Aid is the only action needed & must be done before the Medical Team arrives.

When a person faints, the most important actions to take first are:
- Checking the victim's consciousness: Conscious or unconscious?
- Is the victim responsive or unresponsive?
- Checking pulse
- Checking the breath

If the victim is not breathing, the next steps to take are:
- Contacting the Medical Team before performing First Aid
- First Aid can be started by performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- Opening & clearing the airway
- Providing respiratory support
- Performing Chest Compressions to maintain blood circulation: Pressing the center of the chest down hard & fast with both hands & letting the chest rise back naturally between compressions
- Turning the body to the side after the victim is conscious & can breathe again
- Checking the victim's condition after the victim can breathe & the heart beats: Is there any injury, broken bones & more?




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14 July 2022

High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT)

High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT) is the term used to define:
- Wells that have high pressure or high temperature
- Wells that have a pressure greater than 15,000 psi (103MPa)
- Wells whose temperature is greater than 350 degrees F (177 degrees C)
- High pressure wells that require well control equipment to have a rated working pressure of more than 15,000 psi
- A well in which the fluid flows at a temperature greater than 350 degrees F at the surface

In reality, very few wells operate under HPHT simultaneously. Most wells operate at high pressure or high temperature but are still referred to as HPHT Wells.

Some shallow wells can be found operating under high temperature conditions due to:
- Wells drilled close to local geothermal hotspots will operate at abnormally high temperatures
- Wells drilled close to other wells that use steam injection to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil will have a higher reservoir temperature than normal because the injected steam will raise the temperature of the surrounding formations

To avoid poor performance & failure in the HPHT environment:
- The metal used is carefully selected
- Equipment must be pressure tested to ensure the seal can withstand high pressure to prevent leakage
- Fluid density should always be checked
- A cooling system must be installed before pumping the drilling fluid back into the hole
- Water-based sludge must always be adapted to the HPHT environment




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