06 July 2022

Sea Survival

Humans are tropical creatures & to survive outside a tropical environment, humans must use clothing & shelter to prevent body cooling.

Incidents can occur at sea because the victims:
- Can't swim & then drown in the sea
- Exposed to cold weather & water
- Not using PPE & rescue equipment (life jackets, wetsuits, life rafts & more)

Things to remember:
- Cold air & water will irritate the skin, muscles, breathing, nerves & heart (usually called cold shock)
- Breathing that is not done properly & uncontrolled will disrupt blood flow, nervous system & heart
- Disorders of the heart when at sea can lead to stroke & heart attack
- Inability to control breathing resulting in drowning
- Various disturbances in the body will interfere with swimming performance & other actions that are important for survival
- Disturbed body temperature (Hypothermia) can cause death
- Hypothermia can cause confusion, disorientation, amnesia, cardiac arrhythmias, loss of consciousness & death

Simple tips:
- If you don't need to be in the sea, try to keep your body dry & warm
- If you need to jump to the sea, enter the sea slowly




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Advanced Fire Fighting

Fires & explosions occurring in all companies & industries cause death, injury & property damage. The fires & explosions occur for many reasons:
- Employees are not aware of the dangers & risks
- Combustible items (dust, wood, chemicals, metals & more)
- Hot work (welding, brazing, baking, heating, soldering & more)
- Flammable gases & liquids (oil & others)
- Equipment, machinery & heavy equipment
- Damage to various items & facilities
- Electricity (power lines, cables, overloaded outlets, extension cords, overloaded circuits, static discharge & more)

Tips for preventing fires & explosions:
- All employees must know the dangers & risks
- All workers must have Permit To Work
- Every job must be supervised
- All dangerous items must be stored & secured in a separate place
- All fire sources must be controlled & separated from the workplace & employees
- Provide & use PPE
- Cleaning & maintenance must always be done
- Separate unused equipment from the mains
- Don’t use an extension cord
- All parts of the company must always be checked & maintained
- Report all things that happen in the company
- Establish fire prevention & emergency procedures
- All employees must take safety & fire courses




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Fire Warden

Fires that occur in buildings do pose a serious risk to businesses & companies:
- Dead
- Injury
- Property & equipment damage

Therefore, the activities carried out by the Fire Warden every day to prevent fires are the most important things needed by all companies. Business owners are indeed required to have personnel responsible for preventing & dealing with fires & ensuring safety in the workplace. Under applicable regulations, business owners can be sued if fire safety standards are not met.

The Fire Warden has the responsibility to:
- Check the fire alarm
- Check emergency exits & fire doors
- Provide & maintain fire extinguishers
- Ensure that emergency lighting is working
- Provide fire safety signs
- Store & secure various flammable items in the right place
- Provide information about fire & emergency to all employees
- Monitor the area & record everything that happens

When a fire occurs, the Fire Warden will:
- Get everyone out of the building safely
- Close all fire doors to stop the fire from spreading
- Carry out evacuation
- Ensure that everyone has left the building
- Use fire fighting equipment to extinguish fires

Giving the proper training to the Fire Warden is a key factor to prevent fires in the workplace.




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Confined Space Rescue

Situations that usually occur in Confined Spaces:
- After four minutes without oxygen, workers in Confined Space will suffer from Asphyxia resulting in brain damage & death
- Most of the deaths that occur in Confined Spaces are attributed to personnel trying to save others

Confined Space can be dangerous & fatal to humans.

Confined Space Rescue is carried out to rescue & recover victims trapped in Confined Spaces or places accessible only via Confined Spaces (basements, storage silos, storage tanks, sewers & more).

Confined Space rescue categories:
- Self-rescue: Workers who are in Confined Space can get out & save themselves, usually because they had detected the danger or because a Monitor gave the order to leave the room
- Non-Entry Rescue: This action frees workers in Confined Spaces by using ropes, Tripods & other rescue equipment to pull them to safe areas
- Entry Rescue: This action is conducted by the Rescue Team who enters the Confined Space. This team must do the rescue carefully so they can save others & themselves

Commonly used Rescue Equipment:
- PPE (SCBA, head protection & more)
- Lamp
- Seatbelt
- Safety/rescue rope
- Air monitoring device
- Communication tool




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03 July 2022

Emergency Manager

Personnel who are responsible as Emergency Managers, acting as Emergency Coordinators & members, or providing support to the Emergency Management Team should know of:
- Ways to manage various emergencies
- Ways to lead themselves & manage others in emergencies
- Command, Control & Communication related to Emergency Management
- Ways to prepare, respond & maintain control during the development or escalation of an emergency
- Ways to manage communication & information regarding emergencies
- Ways to carry out a predetermined plan when the emergency alarm is sounded
- Ways to give certainty that the emergency has ended
- Ways to understand how stress can affect individual & team performance during an emergency




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