Plug And Abandonment In Drilling

The "Plug and Abandonment / P&A" Process refers to the temporary and permanent process to close the oil and gas wells.

The difference between temporary and permanent P&A Process:

Temporary P&A Process:

- Occurs when there is an intention to re-enter the well at a later date (usually within months) or is done for maintenance or other reasons

- The temporary P&A Process is carried out by closing the well and removing the well control equipment. Pressure monitoring at the wellhead remains possible during this period.

Permanent P&A Process:

- Occurs when there is no intention to re-enter the well hole, the well must be abandoned forever because the well is no longer productive and is no longer economically viable

- The permanent P&A Process is performed by installing a barrier (such as a cement plug) to isolate the formations from each other and the surface, and the well control equipment is permanently removed

Some other important things to do:

- Before starting the P&A Process, the well must be thoroughly evaluated

- Proper cement must be used to restore the well to its original condition

- The above process must comply with ongoing Safety and Environmental Regulations

The above procedures may vary based on company policy and specific well conditions.

The knowledge needed to conduct the P&A Process:

- Human factors

- Well abandonment integrity

- Governing principles, techniques, and processes of well abandonment

- Risks and their issues

- Principles of well barriers

- Principles of barrier verification and testing

- Local legislative procedures

- Mitigation

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